Builtin functions

Komodo has some built-in functions for basic utilities. Komodo offers more helpful functions in the standard library, but you can do some basic things with these. Let's take a look at them.

I/O Functions

These functions allow you interact with the standard input and output of your system.

  • print(value): Prints whatever you pass it. Komodo will convert any Komodo value into its string representation in pass it to standard output.

    Returns an empty tuple ().

    Here is an example:

    >>> print(1)
1()

    The () at the end is strange, but has a reason: print does not put a linebreak after printing, and since we are using the REPL, the return value of print, the empty tuple, is printed afterwards with nothing in between.

  • println(value): Prints whatever you pass it, with a linebreak at the end.

    Returns the empty tuple ().

    Here is an example:

    >>> println(0)
0
()

    Here's the difference: println puts a linebreak after the 0, so its actual return value goes in a new line. Remember, this is something specific to the REPL. When you execute a file with Komodo code, it will only print what you want to print, by calling print or println.

  • getln(): Takes a line from standard input and returns it.

    Here is an example:

    >>> "Hello, " + getln() + "!"
Danilo # you should type your name in this part, I just put my name
Hello, Danilo!

Assert

This function allows you to make assertions while your program is executing, and to stop it they do not hold.

  • assert(value): Takes a Komodo value. When that value is the boolean true, it does nothing. Otherwise the program stops, with an error message saying that the assertion failed. It always returns the empty tuple.

    Here is an example:

    >>> assert(25)
Failed assertion
>>> assert(25 % 2 = 1)
()

  • assert(value, msg): Does the same as assert(value), but when if the assertion fails, it adds msg to the error message. msg can be anything, it will be converted into its string representation. It always returns the empty tuple.

    Here is an example:

    let x := 25
>>> assert(x % 2 = 0, String(x) + " is not an even number")

Casting functions

These functions allow to convert values of certain type into types of another. In some cases the types can't be equivalent, so Komodo will do some assumptions about how would you like to transform values. For these cases, the standard library has some functions that allow you to do different transformations.

  • Integer(value): Casts any number into an integer. Rounds down when necessary. Fails when you pass it something that is not a number.

  • Float(value): Casts any number into a float. It will return the closest approximation. Fails when you pass it something that is not a number.

  • List(value): Turns sets and ranges into lists. If you pass it something else, it will fail.

  • Set(value): Turns lists and ranges into lists. If you pass it something else, it will fail.

  • String(value): Turns any Komodo value into its string representation.

Misc

  • len(container): Returns the length of a set or a list. If you pass it something else, it will fail.

  • sorted(list): Returns the input list, but sorted. If you pass it something else, it will fail.